2021
Fukumura Y, McLaughlin Gray J., Lucas G, Becerik-Gerber B, Shawn C. Roll. (2021) “Worker Perspectives on Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Office Workspaces: Implications for the Future of Office Work,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, ijerph18041690
Awada M, Becerik-Gerber B, Hoque S, O’Neill Z Pedrielli G, Wen J, Wu T. (2021) “Ten Questions Concerning Occupant Health in Buildings during Normal Operations and the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Building and Environment, Vol 188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107480
Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B, Roll S, Lucas G. (2021) “Intelligent Agents to Improve Thermal Satisfaction by Controlling Personal Comfort Systems Under Different Levels of Automation,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 7089-7100, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3038378
Xiao Y, Becerik-Gerber B, Lucas G, Roll S. (2021) “The Impact of Work from Home (WFH) During COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Well-being of Office Workstation Users,” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol 63, Issue 3,
Awada M, Zhu R, Becerik-Gerber B, Lucas G, Southers E. (2021) “An Integrated Emotional and Physiological Assessment of VR-Based Active Shooter Incident Experiments,” Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2020.101227
2020
Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2020) “Thermal Comfort Modeling with when Personalized Comfort Systems are in Use: Comparison of Sensing and Learning Methods,” Building and Environment, Vol: 185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107316
Zhu R, Lucas G, Becerik-Gerber B, Southers E. (2020) “Building Preparedness in Response to Active Shooter Incidents: Results of Focus Group Interviews,” International Journal of Disaster and Risk Reduction, Vol. 48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101617
Lin J, Zhu R, Li N, Becerik-Gerber B. (2020) “How Occupants Respond to Building Emergencies: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Characteristics and Behavioral Theories,” Journal of Safety Science, Vol 122,
Lin J, Zhu R, Li N, Becerik-Gerber B. (2020) “Do People Follow the Crowd in Building Emergency Evacuation? A Cross-Cultural Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Study,” Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol: 43,
Zhu R, Lin J, Becerik-Gerber B, Li N. (2020) “Influence of Architectural Visual Accessibility on Emergency Wayfinding: A Cross-Cultural Study in China, United Kingdom and United States,” Journal of Fire Safety, Vol: 113,
Zhu R, Lin J, Becerik-Gerber B, Li N. (2020) “Human-Building-Emergency Interactions and Their Impact on Emergency Response Performance: A Review of State of the Art,” Journal of Safety Science, Vol: 127,
2019
Ozcelik G, Becerik-Gerber B. Chugh R. (2019) “Understanding Human-Building Interactions Under Multimodal Discomfort,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 151, pp: 280-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.046
Carneiro JP, Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2019) “Influencing Occupant's Choices by Using Spatiotemporal Information Visualization in Immersive Virtual Environments,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 150,pp: 330-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.024
Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2019) “Intelligent Adaptive Automation: Activity-Driven and User-Centered Building Automation,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol: 188-189,pp: 184-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.007
Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B, Anselmo F, Roll S, Lucas G. (2019) “Smart Desks to Promote Comfort, Health and Productivity in Offices: A Vision for Future Workplaces,” Frontiers in Built Environment, Indoor Environment section, Vol. 5, pp: 76, doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00076
Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2019) “Personalized Thermal Comfort Modeling using Wrist-worn Temperature Sensor, Thermal Camera and Ambient Temperature Sensor: A Comparison Study,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol: 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106223
Carneiro JP, Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2019) “Understanding the Influence of Orientation, Time-of-Day and Blind Use on User’s Lighting Choices and Energy Consumption using Immersive Virtual Environments,” Journal of Advances in Building Energy Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1639075
2018
Khashe S, Lucas G, Becerik-Gerber B, Gratch, J. (2018) “Establishing Social Dialogue Between Buildings and Their Users,” International Journal of Computer-Human Interaction,https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1555346
Aryal A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2018) “Energy Consequences of Comfort-driven Temperature Setpoints in Office Buildings,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol.177, pp: 33-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.013
Ghahramani A, Dutta K, Becerik-Gerber B. (2018) “Energy Trade Off Analysis of Optimized Daily Temperature Setpoints,” Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 19, pp: 584-591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.06.012
Ozcelik G, Becerik-Gerber B. (2018) “Benchmarking Thermoception in Virtual Environments to Physical Environments for Understanding Human-Building Interactions,” Journal of Advanced Engineering informatics, Vol. 36, pp: 254-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2018.04.008
Ghahramani A, Castro G, Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik -Gerber B. (2018) “Towards Unsupervised Learning of Thermal Comfort Using Infrared Thermography,” Applied Energy, Applied Energy, Vol 211, pp: 41-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.021
Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2018) “Real-Time Activity Recognition for Energy Efficiency in Buildings,” Applied Energy, Vol 211, pp: 146-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.055
2017
Heydarian A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2017) “Immersive Virtual Environments for Occupant Behavior Monitoring and Data Collection,” Journal of Building Performance Simulation, Special Issue on Fundamental of Occupant Behavior Modeling and Simulation, Vol.10, pp:484-497, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2016.1267801
Oskouie P, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2017) “Automated Recognition of Façade Elements for Creating As-is Mock-up Building Models,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 31, 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000711
Aryal A, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2017) “Monitoring Fatigue in Construction Workers Using Physiological Measurements,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Special Issue on Safe Construction through Wearable Protection Devices, Vol. 82, pp: 154-165, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.03.003
Khashe S, Lucas G, Becerik-Gerber B, Gratch J. (2017) “Buildings with Persona: Towards Effective Building-Occupant Communication,” Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, Vol 75, pp: 607-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.040
Ghahramani A, Yang Z, Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik-Gerber B. (2017) “HVAC Systems Energy Optimization using an Adaptive Hybrid Metaheuristic,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol 152, pp: 149-161, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.07.053
Heydarian A, Pantazis E, Wang A, Carneiro J P, Gerber D, Becerik-Gerber B. (2017) “Towards User Centered Building Design: Identifying End-User Lighting Preferences via Immersive Virtual Environments,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol 81, pp: 56-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.05.003
Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2017) “One Size Does Not Fit All: Understanding User Preferences for Building Automation Systems,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol 145, pp: 163-173, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.015
Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B. (2017) “Assessing the Impacts of Real-time Occupancy State Transitions on Building Heating/Cooling Loads,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol 135, pp: 201-211, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.038
2016
Heydarian A, Pantazis E, Carneiro J P, Gerber D, Becerik-Gerber B. (2016) “Lights, Building, Action: Impact of Default Lighting Settings on Occupant Behaviour,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol 48, pp:212-223, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.11.001
Ghahramani A, Castro G, Becerik-Gerber B, Xinran Y. (2016) “Infrared Thermography of Human Face for Monitoring Thermoregulation Performance and Estimating Personal Thermal Comfort,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 109, pp: 1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.005
Chen Y, Jahanshahi M, Manjunatha P, Gan W, Abdelbarr M, Masri S, Becerik-Gerber B, Caffrey J. (2016) “Inexpensive Multimodal Sensor Fusion System for Autonomous Data Acquisition of Road Surface Conditions,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol 16, No: 21, pp: 7731-7743, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2602871
Khashe S, Heydarian A, Becerik-Gerber B, Wendy Wood. (2016) “Exploring the Effectiveness of Social Messages on Energy Consumption Behavior in Buildings,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 102, pp: 83-94,
Yang Z, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B. (2016) “Building Occupancy Diversity and HVAC (Heating,Ventilation and Air Conditioning) System Energy Efficiency,” Journal of Energy, Vol. 109, pp: 641-649,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.099
Oskouie P, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2016) “Automated Measurement of Highway Retaining Wall Displacements Using Terrestrial Laser Scanners,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol. 65, pp: 86-101, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.12.023
Ghahramani A, Zhang K, Dutta K, Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B. (2016) “Energy Savings from Temperature Setpoints and Deadband: Quantifying the Influence of Building and System Properties on Savings,” Journal of Applied Energy, Vol. 165, pp: 930-942, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.115
Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2016) “A Framework for Allocating Personalized Appliance-Level Disaggregated Electricity Consumption to Daily Activities,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol.111, pp.337-350, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.029
2015
Khashe S, Heydarian A, Gerber D, Becerik-Gerber, Hayes T, Wood W. (2015) “Influence of LEED Branding on Building Occupants’ Pro-Environmental Behavior,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 94, pp. 477-488, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.10.005
Li N, Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B, Tang C, Chen N. (2015) “Why is the Reliability of Building Simulation Limited as a Tool for Evaluating Energy Conservation Measures?” Journal of Applied Energy, Vol. 159, pp. 196-205, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.001
Li N, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2015) “Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimation Algorithm: Leveraging Building Information and Sensing Infrastructure for Localization During Emergencies,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol 29, No. 6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000430
Li N, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L, Krishnamachari B. (2015) “A Comparative Assessment of an Indoor Localization Framework for Building Emergency Response,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol. 57, pp: 42-54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.04.004
Ghahramani A, Tang C, Becerik-Gerber B. (2015) “An Online Learning Approach for Quantifying Personalized Thermal Comfort via Adaptive Stochastic Modeling,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 92, pp. 86-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.017
Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B. (2015) “A Model Calibration Framework for Simultaneous Multi-Level Building Energy Simulation”, Journal of Applied Energy, Vol.149, pp: 415-431, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.048
Heydarian A, Carneiro J P, Gerber D, Becerik-Gerber B, Hayes T, Wood W. (2015) “Immersive Virtual Environments versus Physical Built Environments: A Benchmarking Study for Building Design and User-Built Environment Explorations,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol.54, pp: 116-126, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.03.020
Heydarian A, Carneiro J P, Gerber D, Becerik-Gerber B. (2015) “Immersive Virtual Environments, Understanding the Impact of Design Features and Occupant Choice upon Lighting for Building Performance,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol.89, pp:217-228, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.038
2014
Jazizadeh F, Becerik-Gerber B, Berges M, Soibelman L. (2014) “An Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering Based Heuristic Algorithm For Facilitated Training for Electricity Consumption Disaggregation,” Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol.28, Issue. 4, pp: 311-326,
Ghahramani A, Jazizadeh F, Becerik-Gerber B. (2014) “A Knowledge Based Approach for Selecting Energy- Aware and Comfort-Driven HVAC Temperature Set Points,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol. 85, pp: 536-548,
Becerik-Gerber B, Siddiqui M K, Brilakis I, El-Anwar O, El-Gohary N, Mahfouz T, Li S, Jog G, Kandil A. (2014) “Civil Engineering Grand Challenges: Opportunities for Data Sensing, Information Analysis and Knowledge Discovery,” ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 4,
Yang Z, Li N, Becerik-Gerber B, Orosz M. (2014) “A Systematic Approach to Occupancy Modeling in Ambient Sensor Rich Office Environments,” Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, Special Issue: Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design, Vol 90(8), pp:960-977
Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B. (2014) “Coupled Effects of Personalized Occupancy Profile Based HVAC Schedule and Room Reassignment on Building Energy Consumption,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol. 78, pp: 113-122,
Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B. (2014) “Modeling Personalized Occupancy Profiles for Representing Long Term Patterns by Using Ambient Context,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 78, pp: 23-35
Li N, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L, Krishnamachari B. (2014) “A BIM Centered Indoor Localization Algorithm to Support Building Fire Emergency Response Operations,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol 42, pp. 78-89,
Jazizadeh F, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B, Kichkaylo T, Orosz M. (2014) “User-Led Decentralized Thermal Comfort Driven HVAC Operations for Improved Efficiency in Office Buildings,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol. 70, pp: 398-410,
Jazizadeh F, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B, Kichkaylo T, Orosz M. (2014) “Human-Building Interaction Framework for Personalized Thermal Comfort Driven Systems in Office Buildings,” ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Special Issue: Computational Approaches to Understand and Reduce Energy Consumption in the Built Environment, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp: 2-16,
Jazizadeh F, Ahmadi-Karvigh S, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2014) “Spatiotemporal Lighting Load Decomposition Using Light Intensity Signals,” Journal of Energy and Buildings, Vol. 69, February 2014, pp: 572-583,
Li N, Yang Z, Ghahramani A, Becerik-Gerber B, Soibelman L. (2014) “Situational Awareness for Supporting Building Fire Emergency Response: Information Needs, Information Sources, and Implementation Requirements,” Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 63, pp: 17–28,
Kwak J, Varakantham P, Maheswaran R, Chang Y, Tambe M, Becerik-Gerber B, Wood W. (2014) “TESLA: An Extended Study of an Energy Saving Agent that Leverages Schedule Flexibility,” Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Vol: 28, Issue: 4, pp: 605-636,
2013
Calis G, Becerik-Gerber B, Goktepe B, Li S, Li N. (2013) “Analysis of the Variability of RSSI Values for Active RFID-Based Indoor Applications,” Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences Vol.37, pp: 186-210, http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/muh-1208-3
Jahanshahi M R, Jazizadeh F, Masri S, Becerik-Gerber B. (2013) “Unsupervised Approach for Autonomous Pavement Defect Detection and Quantification Using An Inexpensive Depth Sensor,” ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp: 743-754, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000245
Forgues D, Becerik-Gerber B. (2013) “Integrated Project Delivery and Building Information Modeling: Refining the Relationship between Education and Practice,” The International Journal of Design Education, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp: 47-56, ISSN 2325-128X, http://ijge.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.235/prod.17
Yang Z, Becerik-Gerber B, Mino L. (2013) “A Study on Student Perceptions of Higher Education Classrooms: Impact of Classroom Attributes on Student Satisfaction and Performance,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 70, pp: 171-188, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.030
Li N, Li S, Calis G, Becerik-Gerber B. (2013) “Improving in-Building Asset Localization By Offset Vector and Convergence Calibration Methods,” ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4., pp: 337–344, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000248
Jazizadeh F, Marin M F, Becerik-Gerber B. (2013) “A Thermal Preference Scale for Personalized Comfort Profile Identification via Participatory Sensing,” Journal of Building and Environment, Vol. 68, pp: 140–149, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.06.011
2012
Li N, Calis G, Becerik-Gerber B. (2012) “Measuring and Monitoring Occupancy with an RFID Based System for Demand-Driven HVAC Operations,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol. 24, pp-89-99, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.02.013
Klein L, Li N, Becerik-Gerber B. (2012) “Imaged-Based Verification of As-Built Documentation of Operational Buildings,” Journal of Automation in Construction Vol. 21, pp: 161-171, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2011.05.023
Li N, Li S, Becerik-Gerber B, Calis G, (2012) “Deployment Strategies and Performance Evaluation of a Virtual-Tag-Enabled Indoor Localization Approach,” ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp:574-583, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000161
Klein L, Kwak J, Kavulya G, Jazizadeh F, Becerik-Gerber B, Varakantham P, Tambe M, (2012) “Coordinating Occupant Behavior for Building and Comfort Management Using Multi-Agent Systems,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol. 22, pp: 515-536, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2011.11.012
Becerik-Gerber B, Ku K., Jazizadeh F. (2012) “BIM-Enabled Virtual and Collaborative Construction Engineering and Management,” ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice – Vol. 138, No.3, pp: 234-245, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000098
Becerik-Gerber B, Jazizadeh F, Li N, Calis G. (2012) “Application Areas and Data Requirements for BIM Enabled Facilities Management,” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 138, No.3, pp: 431-442, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000433
2011
Ghassemi R, Becerik-Gerber B. (2011) “Transitioning to Integrated Project Delivery: Potential Barriers and Lessons Learned,” Lean Construction Journal, Lean and Integrated Project Delivery Special Issue, pp 32-52, ISSN 1555 -1369, http://www.leanconstruction.org/media/docs/lcj/2011/LCJ_11_sp3.pdf
Becerik-Gerber B, Gerber D, Ku K. (2011) “The Pace of Technological Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction Education: Integrating Recent Trends into The Curricula,” Journal of Information Technology in Construction, Vol. 16, pg. 411-432, http://www.itcon.org/2011/24
Li N, Becerik-Gerber B. (2011) “Performance Based Evaluation of RFID Based Indoor Location Sensing Solutions for the Built Environment,” Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 25, pp: 535–546,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2011.02.004 (has been among the journal’s most downloaded and most cited papers)
Li N, Becerik-Gerber B. (2011) “A Life Cycle Approach for Implementing RFID Technology in Construction: Learning from Academic and Industry Use Cases,” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 137, No. 12, pp: 1-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000376
Becerik-Gerber B, Jazizadeh F, Kavulya G, Calis G. (2011) “Assessment of Target Types and Layouts in 3D Laser Scanning for Registration Accuracy,” Journal of Automation in Construction, Vol. 20, pp: 649-658, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.12.008
2010 and Before
Kent D, Becerik-Gerber B. (2010) “Understanding Construction Industry Experience and Attitudes Toward Integrated Project Delivery,” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 136, No. 8, pp:815-825, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000188
Becerik-Gerber B, Kensek K. (2010) “Building Information Modeling in Architecture, Engineering and Construction: Emerging Research Directions and Trends,” ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Vol.136, No.3, pp: 139-147, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000023
Becerik-Gerber B, Rice S. (2010) “The Perceived Value of Building Information Modeling in the U.S. Building Industry,” Journal of Information Technology in Construction, Vol. 15, pg. 185-201,
Allen R K, Becerik B, Pollalis P N, and Schwegler B R. (2005) “The Promise and Barriers to Technology Enabled and Open Project Team Collaboration,” ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Vol. 131, No. 4, pp: 301-311, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2005)131:4(301)
Becerik B. (2004) “A Review on Past, Present and Future of Web-Based Project Management and Collaboration Tools and their Adoption by the US AEC Industry,” International Journal of IT in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, Vol. 2, Issue 3, October 2004, pp. 233-248, http://itc.scix.net/cgi-bin/works/Show?itaec-2004-18